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Outline
In order to investigate the effects of different control released urea on nitrogen metabolism and yield of wheat, 60 days of control released urea (SCU) and 150 days of control released urea (LCU) and normal urea (U) were used as nitrogen fertilizers. Six treatments were set up: no nitrogen fertilizer (N0), regular fertilization (basal∶tiller∶jointing fertilizer=4∶3∶3, CK), 40% U basal fertilizer+30% SCU basal fertilizer+30% U jointing fertilizer (F1), 40% U basal fertilizer+40% SCU basal fertilizer+20% U jointing fertilizer (F2), 40%U+30% SCU+30% LCU as basal fertilizer (Y1), 40% U+40% SCU+20% LCU as basal fertilizer (Y2). Nitrogen application was consistent for all treatments except for N0. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different types of urea combined application on soil inorganic nitrogen content, as well as on the activities of wheat flag leaf and grain nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamine aminotransferase (GOT), and glutamine transaminase (GPT), free amino acids, soluble protein content, wheat nitrogen accumulation, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that compared with CK, the soil NO3--N and NH4+-N contents during the filling period of F2 treatment were increased by 10.67% and 4.69%, respectively; flag leaf and grain NR, GS, GOT, and GPT activities were significantly increased by 3.46%-16.55%, and free amino acid and soluble protein contents were increased by 9.95%-25.03%. The yield of the F2 treatment was found to be significantly higher than that of CK (P<0.05), with an increase rate of 4.81%. In contrast, the Y1 and Y2 treatments were observed to have a significant negative impact on yield, with reduction rates of 7.59% and 4.79%, respectively, compared to CK. From the perspective of yield components, the control released fertilizer treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the number of effective spikes. The F2 treatment led to an improvement in yield, with an increase in thousand-grain weight. Furthermore, the F1 and F2 treatments demonstrated a notable enhancement in nitrogen use efficiency, with the F2 treatment exhibiting a 10.23 percentage point increase compared to CK. Under the conditions of this experiment, the best fertilization method to increase the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat following rice stubble in the Jianghuai region is to apply 40% of normal urea and 40% of control released urea basally for 60 days during the release period, and 20% of normal urea retrospectively during the nodulation period, considering the level of N metabolism and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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