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In this study, the characteristics of wheat root development and their relationship with ears formation were investigated, and the correlation between root characteristics and panicle formation was clarified, so as to provide reference for coordinating root and panicle development. Three nitrogen application levels (0, 120, and 240 kg·hm-2) were set up to study the dynamic changes of root morphological and quantitative traits in 0-40 cm soil layers, root vigor in 0-20 cm soil layers and tiller number of wheat at different growth stages using the big-ear type varieties Wunong 981, Zhengmai 618, and Pumai 116 and the multi-ear type varieties Xinong 529, Zhengmai 16, and Zhengmai 22 as materials. The results showed that the root dry weight density, root surface area density, root length density and nodal root per plant increased first and then decreased. The peak value was reached at anthesis stage, and the root vigor showed the same trend, but the peak value was at jointing stage. With the increase of the maximum number of nodal roots per plant, the root vigor increased by 68.56-109.60 μg·g-1·h-1 in 0-20 cm soil layer. The root dry weight density, root length density and root surface area density were increased by 48.67-170.14 g·m-3, 0.78-1.04 m·m-3 and 4.77-7.76 m·m-3 in 20-40 cm soil layer, respectively. They were increased by 17.96-65.93 g·m-3, 0.13-0.18 m·m-3 and 0.96-1.55 m2·m-3, respectively. The maximum number of tillers and panicle number of tillers were increased by 385.60×104-816.34×104·hm-2 and 51.65×104-84.65×104·hm-2, while the ears formation ratio decreased by 3.68-3.86 percentage points. The number of nodal roots per plant, root vigor, root dry weight density, root length density, root surface area density, maximum tiller number and the ear per unit soil area all increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but the ear-bearing tiller percentage decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the difference between treatments reached a significant level. The root vigor, root dry weight density, root length density and root surface area density of big-ear cultivars were higher than those of multi-ear cultivar, but the number of nodal roots, the maximum number of tillers and ear per unit soil area were lower than those of multi-ear cultivar, with significant differences. Correlation analysis showed that the number of nodal roots per plant, root vigor, root dry weight density, root length density and root surface area density were significantly positively correlated with the maximum number of tillers; the number of nodal roots per plant was significantly positively correlated with ears number per unit area, while the root vigor, root dry weight density, root length density and root surface area density were weakly positively or not correlated with ears number per unit area. The number of nodal roots per plant, root vigor, root dry weight density, root length density, and root surface area density had significant negative correlation with ears formation ratio. In conclusion, the increase of nodal root number per plant, root vigor and root morphological and quantitative traits is conducive to the increase of the maximum number of tillers and ears number per unit area, but is rednces the ear-bearing tiller percentage.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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