Full
Outline
To clarify the regulatory effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer reduction and postponing on the grain yield and quality of wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the N fertilizer experiment of wheat was established under four N application treatments: N fertilizer application 200 kg·hm-2 of traditional farmer treatment (F200, basal fertilizer 130 kg·hm-2+regreening fertilizer 70 kg·hm-2), N fertilizer application mode 1 (N1, basal fertilizer 90 kg·hm-2 + regreening fertilizer 90 kg·hm-2), N fertilizer application mode 2 (N2, regreening fertilizer 60 kg·hm-2 + heading fertilizer 80 kg·hm-2) and N fertilizer application mode 3 (N3, basal fertilizer 40 kg·hm-2+regreening fertilizer 60 kg·hm-2 + heading fertilizer 80 kg·hm-2) from October 2020 to June 2023 at Jiyang Experimental station of the Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Jinan. The effects of the four N fertilizer treatments on grain yield and its components, N accumulation characteristics, grain protein and its components, and processing quality of wheat were tested. The results indicated that N fertilizer postponing was beneficial to increase grain yield and its components of wheat under the conditions of N reduction, and the best performance was under N2 treatment; the average yield across the three years under N2 was significantly increased by 20.5%, 13.5% and 7.6%, respectively, compared with F200, N1 and N3. Compared with F200 and N1 treatments, N2 and N3 treatments significantly increased the plant N accumulation by 12.6%-20.8%, while the grain N accumulation of N2 treatment was significantly increased by 16.4 %, 15.0 % and 5.8 %, respectively, compared with F200, N1 and N3 treatments. Compared with F200, N1 treatment significantly reduced grain protein content, grain rigidity, test weight, flour yield and dough development time due to the lower N fertilizer, but postponing increased amount of N fertilizer under N2 and N3 treatments significantly increased the dough stability time, water absorption, wet gluten and sedimentation value. Therefore, although N2 mode had the least of N application, it can achieve the production purpose of increasing yield and quality by increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer postponing, which was a better nitrogen application model to achieve the synergistic improvement of wheat grain yield and processing quality in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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