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Outline
In order to understand the yield, quality, disease resistance and parental use of new wheat varieties in the southern Huanghuai winter wheat region in recent years, and to provide reference for the cultivation of new wheat varieties, this study analyzed the yield, quality, disease resistance, and parental use of wheat in the southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region from 2011 to 2024. The results showed that from 2011 to 2024, there were totally 574 wheat varieties, and the yield increased year by year, with an average annual increase of 58.4 kg·hm-2. Among the three yield components, there was a significantly positive correlation between yield and 1 000-grain weight (P<0.01). Yield was significantly correlated with the number of grains per spike (P<0.05). Among the quality traits, the bulk density, stability time and water absorption all showed a slow increase trend, and the wet gluten content was basically stable. There are 459 medium-gluten varieties, accounting for 79.97%, 26 strong gluten varieties, accounting for 4.53%, and 67 medium-strong gluten varieties, accounting for 11.67%. High-quality varieties are on the increase. In terms of disease resistance, among the 574 varieties, 96 varieties are resistant to stripe rust, accounting for 16.72%, of which 40 varieties are highly resistant or immune, accounting for 6.97%. There are no varieties with high resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) or powdery mildew, only 8 and 7 varieties with moderate resistance to FHB and powdery mildew, accounting for 1.39% and 1.22%, respectively. There are only 2 and 5 varieties with high resistance and moderate resistance to sheath blight, accounting for 1.22% in total. There are 9 varieties resistant to more than two diseases, accounting for 1.57%. Single cross combination breeding is the main breeding method, accounting for 72.30%. A total of 489 parental materials were applied for breeding the 574 varieties, among which 5 parental materials were frequently used: Zhoumai 18 (41 times), Jimai 22 (43 times), Bainong Aikang 58 (73 times), Zhoumai 22 (82 times), and Zhoumai 16 (90 times). The analysis showed that the number of good-quality varieties in the national approval of the southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region is small; the varieties resistant to FHB and powdery mildew are lacking; the breeding method is relatively simple, and the use of parental materials is relatively concentrated. In the future, we should broaden the genetic basis, enrich the breeding methods and strengthen the cultivation of good-quality and disease-resistant varieties.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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