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Outline
To explore the immobilization effects of soil amendments on cadmium (Cd)-contaminated calcareous cinnamon soil, a pot experiment was conducted with no soil amendment application as the control (CK). Four types of soil amendments (inorganic amendment, organic-inorganic composite amendment, iron-modified organic amendment, and thiol-modified clay mineral amendment, designated as SF, GF, IMP, and SGP, respectively) were selected, with two application dose levels for each amendment (SF: 0.75% and 1.5%; GF: 1.5% and 3.0%; IMP: 1.5% and 3.0%; SGP: 0.75% and 1.5%). The effects of amendment type and application dose on the dry weight and Cd content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) organs, grain trace elements and Si content, soil available Cd content, and soil chemical properties were analyzed. The results showed that compared with CK, the dry weight of wheat roots, stems, leaves, and glumes, as well as the Fe and Cu contents in wheat grains, did not change significantly after soil amendment application. However, the grain dry weight under IMP and SGP treatments increased significantly. All soil amendment treatments significantly reduced the Cd content in wheat organs, with high-dose treatments showing better effects than low-dose treatments. The 1.5%SGP treatment resulted in the largest reduction in grain Cd content (90.25%). Except for the 3.0%IMP treatment, all other soil amendment treatments significantly reduced the Zn content in wheat grains. IMP and SF treatments significantly reduced the Mn content in wheat grains. The 3.0%IMP, 1.5%SF, GF, and SGP treatments significantly increased the Si content in wheat grains. SF, GF, and SGP treatments significantly reduced the soil available Cd content (reduction range: 24.71%-92.37%), with the 0.75%SGP treatment showing the best effect. SF, GF, and 3.0% IMP treatments significantly increased soil pH (0.27-2.24). Except for the SF treatment, all other soil amendment treatments significantly increased soil organic matter content. The 0.75%SF treatment had no significant effect on soil electrical conductivity, but significantly reduced the content of available zinc, manganese, copper, and iron while significantly increasing available Si content. Considering the effects of soil amendments on soil chemical properties, Cd immobilization, Cd uptake in wheat grains, and wheat yield, the 0.75%SGP treatment is recommended as the optimal soil amendment for Cd-contaminated calcareous cinnamon soil.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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