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Fusarium species is the main pathogen causing wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB). To monitor the composition and pathogenicity of wheat FHB species in Yunnan and Guizhou regions, spike samples of FHB were collected as materials from summer wheat and self-growing wheat in 9 counties of 4 cities in Yunnan and Guizhou Regions in September 2023. The FHB strains were isolated using histopathology and identified by the specific primers F16F/R amplification combined with EF-1α gene sequence. Representative strains of different Fusarium species were selected for mycelial growth rate, spore production and field pathogenicity testing. The identification results of pathogenic species revealed that there were relatively abundant pathogenic species causing FHB in Yunnan and Guizhou Regions. Totally, 95Fusarium strains were isolated, belonging to seven Fusarium species, of which 33 strains were identified as F. meridionale, accounting for 34.7% of the total number of isolated strains. F. meridionale is the dominant species of wheat FHB in the Yunnan and Guizhou Regions, followed by 22 strains of F. asiaticum and 22 strains of F. graminearum, individually accounting for 23.2% of the total number of isolated strains. Nine strains of F. boothii were identified, accounting for 9.5% of the total number of isolated strains. Six strains of F. equiseti, two strains of F. avenaceum and one strain of F. cortaderiae were also detected. The pathogenicity test results showed that there were differences in mycelial growth rate and spore production among different species of FHB. The mycelial growth rate of F. avenaceum was the lowest, but the spore production was the highest. F. meridiane and F. graminearum showed the strongest pathogenicity, while F. avenaceum showed the weakest pathogenicity. There was also differentiation in Fusarium among different strains of the same disease species. The F. meridiane was the dominant pathogenic species of wheat FHB and there was a high proportion of F. boothii (9.5%) in the Yunnan and Guizhou wheat regions, which is the first report in China.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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