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The vernalization gene VRN-D1 locus includes three major allelic variations, namely the dominant allelic variations Vrn-D1a and Vrn-D1b related to spring growth habit and semi-winter growth habit, and the recessive allelic variation vrn-D1 related to winter growth habit. In order to clarify the effects of different allelic variations at the VRN-D1 locus on the heading date and cold resistance of wheat in the Huang-Huai winter wheat region, in this study, 156 wheat varieties (lines) were used to identify the phenotypic traits of heading date and cold resistance. The wheat materials carry the same allelic variations at the known major vernalization gene VRN-A1, VRN-B1, and VRN-B3 loci as well as the photoperiod gene Ppd-D1 locus, but have different allelic variations only at the VRN-D1 locus. The results showed that there were extensive variations at the heading date, over-wintering seedling mortality rate, and dead stem rate among the 156 wheat varieties (lines). Analysis of variance indicated that the heading date was mainly affected by genotype, environment, and the interaction between genotype and environment, while the over-wintering seedling mortality rate and dead stem rate were mainly affected by genotype and environment. There were significant differences in the heading date among the three allelic variations at the VRN-D1 locus, and the heading date from early to late ranked as Vrn-D1a, Vrn-D1b, and vrn-D1. Under all environmental conditions, the cold resistance of the recessive vrn-D1 was significantly better than that of the dominant Vrn-D1a and Vrn-D1b, with the average over-wintering seedling mortality rate decreased by 19.20% and 11.18%, respectively, and the average over-wintering dead stem rate decreased by 16.53% and 8.03%, respectively. Compared with Vrn-D1a, Vrn-D1b exhibited better cold resistance, with the average over-wintering seedling mortality rate and dead stem rate decreased by 8.02% and 8.52%, respectively. The results in this study provide important information for the utilization of different allelic variations at the VRN-D1 locus to improve the heading date and cold resistance.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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