Auxin response factor (ARF) is one of the key transcription factors that regulate plant growth and development. By binding to auxin response elements and participating in auxin related signaling pathways, ARF plays an important role in plant organ formation, signal transduction and stress response. To identify and mine ARF genes in response to salt stress in wild emmer wheat, we used a combination of Blast and HMM-search to identify ARF family genes at the genome-wide level in wild emmer wheat. The results showed twenty-two ARF genes were identified in wild emmer wheat, which are distributed on 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B chromosomes. The 22 ARF family members were divided into three subgroups by phylogenetic tree. The prediction of promoter cis-elements showed that the promoter of ARF gene in wild emmer wheat mainly contain four types of cis-acting elements related to growth and development, hormone response, light response, and stress response. The analysis of genetic variation showed that the ARF family had a significant genetic bottleneck benefit with decreased genetic diversity during the domestication of emmer wheat. Seventeen TdARF were detected in the transcriptome data in response to salt stress. qPCR analysis showed that TdARF was mainly down-regulated under salt stress. It is suggested that TdARF may be used as candidate genes for wheat salt tolerance breeding.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |