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Outline
The excessive application of fertilizers in the Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia has led to soil degradation and posed challenges to sustainable agricultural development. To identify a suitable fertilization model that achieves the dual goals of reduced fertilizer application and high yield and efficiency for spring wheat in this region, a two-factor split-plot experimental design was employed to systematically explore the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen fertilizer interactions on nitrogen uptake, utilization, and yield of spring wheat. The results showed that the application of AMF significantly increased spring wheat yield (P<0.05) by 4.87%, mainly due to increases in the number of spikes and thousand-grain weight. The application of AMF optimized nitrogen distribution patterns and utilization efficiency, as evidenced by a significant increase in nitrogen translocation before anthesis (from 73.83 kg·hm-2 to 78.09 kg·hm-2) and post-anthesis nitrogen contribution rate (from 29.83% to 38.80%). In addition, the application of AMF significantly improved the diversity of the AMF community in the rhizosphere soil, with community diversity promoted by low nitrogen application, but inhibited by high nitrogen application. Under AMF application, the optimal nitrogen application range for spring wheat was 114.17-217.93 kg·hm-2, which is 30%-50% lower than that of the traditional fertilization rate. Based on the above results, the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring wheat in Hetao irrigation area can be increased simultaneously by reasonable application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen fertilizer.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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