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Outline
To investigate the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus management during mid-late growth stages on starch and protein synthesis and accumulation in wheat grains, a study was conducted using the medium-strong gluten wheat cultivar Zhengmai 1860. Two single-factor completely randomized experiments were implemented across two locations (Kaifeng Longting and Zhoukou Dancheng) with consistent soil fertilization rates. Six nitrogen-phosphorus management treatments were established: CK (control): topdressing urea at jointing stage; Nt: twice topdressing urea at jointing and flowering stages; Nu: post-flowering spraying urea; P: post-flowering spraying K2HPO4; NtP: twice topdressing urea at jointing and flowering stages + post-flowering spraying K2HPO4; NuP: post-flowering spraying urea and K2HPO4. The study analyzed differences in grain soluble sugar content, starch synthase activity, starch content, amino acid content, nitrogen metabolism-related enzyme activity, protein content, dry matter accumulation at maturity, grain yield, and yield components under these treatments. The results showed that compared with CK, post-flowering urea or K2HPO4 spraying significantly increased grain soluble sugar content at both sites. Notably, the NuP treatment demonstrated a more substantial effect, registering an increase of 16.91 to 37.63 percentage points; Nt enhanced starch synthase activity only at Zhoukou Dancheng, while P significantly increased both bound and soluble starch synthase activities at both sites, with NuP exhibiting superior effects (18.34%—32.24% increase); Nt had no significant effect on starch content, but NtP significantly increased starch content at both sites. NuP improved starch content only at Kaifeng Longting; Nu increased amino acid content only at Zhoukou Dancheng, whereas NuP enhanced it significantly at both sites; NuP significantly boosted glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities at both sites. Nt showed no effect on protein content, but NtP increased protein content at Zhoukou Dancheng, and the NuP treatment significantly increased the protein content in wheat grains at both experimental sites. During the maturity stage, the increase ranged from 3.35 to 3.68 percentage points; Both NtP and NuP significantly increased grain yield at both sites (8.12%—11.51%); In conclusion, combined treatments of twice topdressing urea at jointing and flowering stages with post-flowering K2HPO4 spraying (NtP) or post-flowering co-application of urea and K2HPO4 (NuP) effectively promoted starch and protein synthesis/accumulation and enhanced yield in wheat grains.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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