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To clarify the correlation between the diseased spikelet rate, the relative abundance of Fusarium species, and accumulation of DON toxin in Fusarium head blight, 128 wheat ears from naturally occurring wheat fields were collected in 11 environments in 5 provinces of Jiiangsu, Hubei, Anhui, Henan and Shaanxi in 2023. We calculated the diseased spikelet rate in the samples, classified the disease severity, and used high-throughput sequencing and LC/MS technology to determine the relative abundance of Fusarium species and DON toxin content, and analyzed the their correlation. The results showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the diseased spikelet rate and relative abundance of Fusarium species and DON toxin content (P<0.001). However, the relative abundance of fusarium species in samples with severity level 4 was significantly higher than that of level 0 and level 1; the average content of DON toxin in samples with severity level 4 was significantly higher than that of other levels (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the relative abundance of Fusarium species and average content of DON toxin among samples between severity levels 1, 2, and 3; the diseased spikelet rate is more suitable than the disease severity for evaluating the relative abundance of Fusarium species and DON toxin content in wheat spikes. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the combined effect of diseased spikelet rate and relative abundance of Fusarium species on DON toxin accumulation was greater than that of a single factor (R2=0.364), and both factors may play important roles in the construction of DON toxin content prediction model.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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