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In order to explore the evaluation methods and indicators of nitrogen efficiency at the maturity stage of spring wheat in Xinjiang and to screen high nitrogen-efficient germplasm resources, providing reference for breeding wheat varieties with high nitrogen-use efficiency, twenty spring wheat varieties widely cultivated in Xinjiang were used as research materials, and four nitrogen fertilizer levels were set up: 0 kg·hm-2 (N0), 100 kg·hm-2 (N1), 200 kg·hm-2 (N2), and 300 kg·hm-2 (N3). Eleven traits were investigated under different nitrogen levels, such as stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, weight per spike, grain number per spike, grain yield, plant height, and SPAD value of wheat at maturity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and membership function were used to comprehensively evaluate wheat varieties and classify nitrogen efficiency types. The results showed that, compared with N2 and N3 treatments, N0 and N1 treatments significantly resulted in reduced plant height during the wheat maturity stage, thinner stems and leaves, and lower grain yield; The coefficients of variation for most traits under N0 and N1 treatments were higher than those under N2 and N3. Correlation analysis showed that stem weight was significantly positively correlated with spike weight and grain weight under the four nitrogen levels, and spike number per unit area was negatively correlated with stem weight, spike weight, grain weight per spike, and 1 000-grain weight. Four principal components were extracted under each nitrogen level across two years, with cumulative contribution rates ranging from 75.63% to 82.20%. Based on the comprehensive nitrogen-use efficiency index (G value), the tested wheat varieties were classified into four categories: nitrogen-efficient type, nitrogen-inefficient type, low N fertilizer application nitrogen-efficient type, and high N fertilizer application nitrogen-efficient type. Combining G value and grain yield, seven high-yield and nitrogen-efficient varieties were identified, including Hechun 137, Liangchun 1242, Liangchun 1354, Xinchun 38, Xinchun 47, Xinchun 48, and Xinchun 6.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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