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Phospholipase D (PLD) is a type of important lipid metabolic enzyme that is widely involved in signal transduction, membrane structure remodeling, and stress responses, especially playing a crucial role in plant immune defense and abiotic stress. To understand the functions of the wheat PLD family members, this study utilized bioinformatics for genome-wide identification, combined with conservation domain analysis to identify and classify the wheat PLD gene family members. Phylogenetic analysis and the expression patterns analysis of these genes were comprehensively conducted. A total of 51 TaPLD genes were identified in wheat, which can be classified into 6 subfamilies: α, β, φ, δ, κ and ζ. Among them, the α subfamily has the most members and the highest sequence conservation. Each TaPLD contains a basic HKD (His-Lys-Asp) motif sequence of the PLD domain. Most TaPLD are predicted to be located in the cytoplasm, while a few of them are located in the chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, or vacuole. TaPLD genes are mainly distributed on chromosomes 1, 5, and 7. Moreover, there are various gene duplication phenomena within the wheat genome and among species. Transcriptome data analysis showed that 11 TaPLD genes are specifically expressed in anther. After inoculation with wheat powdery mildew fungus, powdery mildew pathogen and stripe rust pathogen, multiple genes such as TaPLDα9, TaPLDα10, TaPLDα11 and TaPLDβ5 were induced to express. After low-temperature treatment, TaPLDζ1, TaPLDζ2 and TaPLDζ3 were significantly induced to express. After drought and high-temperature treatments, TaPLDα9, TaPLDα10 and TaPLDα11 were significantly upregulated, and the relative expression levels of the three genes were higher under drought treatment. These data provide a systematic revelation of the molecular characteristics of wheat PLD genes and their potential roles in growth and development, immune defense and abiotic stresses, offering new perspectives for the study of the molecular mechanisms of wheat growth, disease resistance, and stress tolerance.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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