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To determine the suitable sowing date for winter wheat in Anhui Province, the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of accumulated temperature from October to December were analyzed using observation data from 50 meteorological stations distributed in the wheat areas of Huaibei, Jianghuai, and along the Yangtze River from 1971 to 2021. Based on accumulated temperature requirements for different pre-winter leaf ages, the sowing dates for winter wheat in the first 30 years (1971-2000) and the recent 21 years (2001-2021) were analyzed corresponding to different leaf ages. The results showed that from 1971 to 2021, the monthly and total accumulated temperature from October to December in Anhui Province and its wheat areas showed a significant linear increase trend. The increase rates of monthly and total accumulated temperature in Anhui Province from October to December were 8.6, 9.6, 7.8, and 26.1 ℃ per decade, respectively. The increase rate of monthly accumulated temperature in Anhui Province and its wheat areas from October to December showed a pattern ranking as November>October>December. The increase rate of accumalated temperature in the wheat area along the Yangtze River in December (6.5 ℃ per decade) was significantly lower than that in the Huaibei (8.4 ℃ per decade) and Jianghuai (8.3 ℃ per decade) wheat areas. The increase rate of total accumulated temperature from October to December in the Huaibei and Jianghuai wheat areas was 26.6 ℃ per decade, while the wheat area along the Yangtze River was slightly lower (24.9 ℃ per decade). When Anhui winter wheat grows to the same leaf age before winter, the sowing date in the past 21 years was generally delayed by 1-4 days compared to the first 30 years. The suitable sowing dates for wheat in the Huaibei, Jianghuai, and along the Yangtze River areas were delayed by an average of 2.61, 2.86, and 2.07 days in the past 21 years, compared to the first 30 years, respectively. The suitable sowing dates for semi-winter and weak winter varieties in the Huaibei wheat area in the past 21 years were October 16-21 and October 12-16, respectively. The suitable sowing dates for spring and semi-winter varieties in the Jianghuai wheat area are October 25-30 and October 21-25, respectively. The suitable sowing dates for spring wheat varieties in the wheat area along the Yangtze River are October 30-November 4.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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