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Wheat grain weight is one of the important yield components and a quantitative trait influenced by genetic factors. To clarify the distribution of grain weight genes in Xinjiang wheat and the applicability of related molecular markers in breeding, 253 Xinjiang winter wheat varieties were used as experimental materials. KASP (competitive allele specific PCR) markers were used for genotype detection, and association analysis was conducted with breeding selection traits such as plant height, spike length, grain number per spike, thousand-grain weight, grain length, and grain width in two years. The results showed that the distribution frequencies of excellent alleles TaSus1-7A-Hap1, TaCwi-A1b, TaTGW-7Aa, TaGS5-A1b, TaGS2-A1b, TaGS-D1a, TaSus2-2B-HapH, TaTGW6-A1a, TaGW2-6B-Hap3, and TaSus2-2A-HapA in the test materials were 100%, 100%, 84.98%, 56.92%, 51.78%, 39.13%, 33.20%, 11.07%, 3.16%, and 1.58%, respectively. There were 118 combinations of the 14 alleles in the test materials; GS5-2334-SNP, TaGS2-A1-239IND2, TGW7-986-SNP, and GW2-6B-721SNP can be applied for marker assisted selection of wheat grain weight. The detected linkage genes are significantly correlated with one or more breeding traits. The GS5-2334-SNP linkage gene TaGS5-A1 has 36.65% effect on grain width, followed by 27.76% effect on thousand-grain weight. The GS5-2334-SNP linkage gene TaGS5-A1 has an effect on plant height and grain weight per ear; the GW2-6B-721SNP linkage genes TaGW2-6B and TGW7-986-SNP linkage genes TaTGW7 have an effect on grain length; the Sus2-20-20SNP linkage gene TaSus2-2A has an effect on grain weight per ear, thousand-grain weight, and grain width, and their effects all reach over 10%. This study can lay the foundation for molecular marker assisted breeding for wheat.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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