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To clarify the characteristics of soil nitrogen balance in wheat fields of lime concretion black soil under different optimized nitrogen reduction strategies, a two-season field experiment was conducted during 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 using wheat as the test crop. Six treatments were established, including no nitrogen application (NN), conventional nitrogen application (CN), 10% and 20% reductions in chemical nitrogen fertilizer (R1N and R2N), and substitution of 20% and 30% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic manure (R2NM and R3NM). Wheat yield, apparent nitrogen use efficiency, and residual mineral nitrogen (Nmin) in the 0-100 cm soil layers were analyzed, and soil nitrogen balance in the wheat field was systematically evaluated. The results showed that, compared with CN, grain yield under R1N did not differ significantly in either year, whereas yield under R2N decreased significantly by 8.36% in 2023-2024. Compared with CN, grain yields under R2NM and R3NM were not significantly different in 2022-2023, but increased significantly by 7.56% and 6.74% in 2023-2024, respectively. Apparent nitrogen use efficiency did not differ significantly between R1N or R2N and CN in either year, whereas it increased significantly under R2NM and R3NM, with increases of 8.8 and 7.0 percentage points in 2022-2023 and 11.7 and 9.1 percentage points in 2023-2024, respectively. In terms of residual soil Nmin, no significant differences were observed between R1N or R2N and CN in either year, whereas R2NM and R3NM significantly increased Nmin residue in the 0-20 cm soil layer in both years and in the 20-40 cm soil layer in 2023-2024. No significant differences were found among fertilized treatments except NN in the 40-100 cm soil layer. Based on the two-season soil nitrogen balance analysis, R2NM and R3NM significantly increased apparent nitrogen use efficiency by 10.2 and 8.0 percentage points, respectively, and significantly reduced apparent nitrogen loss rate by 15.9 and 15.1 percentage points compared with CN, respectively, but had no significant effect on apparent nitrogen residual rate. In this study, substituting 20% or 30% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic manure can maintain or increase wheat yield, improve apparent nitrogen use efficiency, reduce apparent nitrogen loss rate, and thus contribute positively to maintaining and improving soil nitrogen balance in wheat fields of lime concretion black soil.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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