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To clarify the effects of planting density on yield formation in different spring wheat cultivars, a field experiment was conducted using three spring wheat cultivars, Liaochun 18, Liaochun 43, and Shenmai 155, under five planting densities of 3.75 million, 5.25 million, 6.75 million, 8.25 million, and 9.75 million plants·hm-2, designated as D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, respectively. The effects of planting density on grain yield and its components, SPAD value, dry matter accumulation and distribution, leaf area index (LAI), grain to leaf ratio, and photosynthetic characteristics were compared among cultivars. The results showed that planting density significantly affected grain yield and its components, with significant variety and planting density interaction effects. With the increase of planting density, the number of effective spikes per unit area of the three varieties spring wheat showed a significant increasing trend, while the number of grains per spike and 1 000-grain weight generally showed a decreasing trend, and the yield showed an initial increase and then a decrease. The yield of Liaochun 18 and Shenmai 155 reached the highest under the D4 treatment, which were 8 206.62 and 5 057.74 kg·hm-2, respectively, the yield of Liaochun 43 reached the highest under the D2 treatment (7 191.61 kg·hm-2). With the increase of planting density, the dry matter transport before flowering, the dry matter transport efficiency before flowering, the contribution rate of dry matter before flowering to grain yield, the dry matter accumulation after flowering, the contribution rate of dry matter after flowering to grain yield, and the SPAD value of flag leaves all showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and all reached the maximum at D3 or D4 treatments. The LAI, grain number per leaf, grain weight per leaf, intercellular CO2 concentration of flag leaves, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate all showed an initial increase and then decrease trend with the increase of planting density. In conclusion, the optimum planting density was 8.25 million plants·hm-2 for Liaochun 18 and Shenmai 155, and 5.25 million plants·hm-2 for Liaochun 43.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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