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To understand the current situation of disease resistance breeding in wheat in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, and to identify and screen excellent disease resistant strains, in this study, the resistance of 414 advanced wheat lines from the national regional trial in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the regional trial in Jiangsu Province in the past six years was identified, and the molecular markers of Fhb1 and Pm21/PmV genes were used for genotyping. The results of resistance showed that: 42 advanced wheat lines were resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB)） (R), 262 advanced lines were moderate resistant (MR), accounting for 10.1% and 62.3%, respectively, among which Yang 15-9, Yang 17021, and Ning 20419 were resistant to FHB for two consecutive years. Most FHB resistance culticars/lines were derived from Ningmai 9, Yangmai 158, and their derivative varieties through analysis of pedigree. A total of 97 advanced lines were immune (IM) to powdery mildew; 8 advanced lines were high resistant (HR) and 35 strains were moderate resistant (MR), accounting for 23.4%, 1.9%, and 8.5%, respectively. Among them, Yang 15-9, Ruihumai 505, Yanmai 0916, Ninghong 1761, Yan H1902 and Dongmai 1901 were immune (IM) to powdery mildew for three consecutive years. A total of 15 advanced lines with simultaneous resistance (R) or immunity (IM) to FHB and powdery mildew can be used as resistant parents in wheat breeding. The results of detection of resistance gene combining with resistance phenotypy showed that: 63 advanced lines carried Fhb1 gene, accounting for 15.1% of the tested materials, and 88.0% of the advanced lines had resistance above MR. Fhb1 gene was detected in only 35.7% of advanced lines with resistance to FHB (R). Only 14.9% of the advanced lines with moderate resistance to FHB were detected to carry Fhb1 gene. 143 advanced lines carried Pm21/PmV genes, accounting for 34.5% of the tested materials, of which 73 advanced lines were identified as immune (IM) to high resistance (HR) to powdery mildew. 70.1% of the 97 advanced lines that were immune to powdery mildew carried Pm21/PmV genes, and 29.9% of the other advanced lines were resistant to powdery mildew with the unknown genes to be discovered. 10 advanced lines carried both Fhb1 and Pm21/PmV genes, and the resistance to both diseases was above MR, which can be directly used as resistance sources. This study suggested that Pm21/PmV genes can be continuously used in wheat disease resistance breeding in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Combining Fhb1 gene with FHB resistance gene of Yangmai variety can improve the FHB resistance.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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