The function of branching spike genes has been successfully suppressed during the development process of barley inflorescence. Gene mutations can reactivate the development of branching spikes in barley, leading to an ectopic expression of the spikelet and its florets on the rachis nodes of branched-spike, an increase in single-floret spikelet per spike and a decrease in flower fertility. Barley branched-spike is a recessive trait genetically controlled by a pairs of nuclear genes. The reported branched-spike genes in barley are distributed on Chr2HS, Chr3HL, and Chr4HS, belonging to different transcription factor gene families, with difference in genetic function, expression mode and interaction characteristic. This article summarized the research progress on the creation methods, agronomic and genetic characteristics of the reported branched-spike mutants, as well as the functions, expression characteristics and transcriptional regulation relationships of the branched-spike genes. We also explored the scientific problems that need to be elucidated and their solution strategies in the genetic research of barley branched-spike mutants.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |