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To investigate the water-saving and high-yielding drip irrigation system for spring wheat in the Hetao Irrigation District, a nationally approved spring wheat variety, Bamai 13, was selected as the experimental material. Six drip irrigation frequencies and three drip irrigation levels (300, 450, and 600 m3·hm-2) were set up in the field, with the conventional furrow irrigation method used by farmers as control. The study focused on the differences in wheat water consumption characteristics, yield formation, and water use efficiency under different drip irrigation frequencies and amounts. The results indicated that the soil evaporation significantly increased from sowing to tillering stage, gradually decreased from tillering to heading stage, and significantly increased from heading to maturity stage. The water consumption during wheat growth stages follows an ascending-descending trend, reaching its maximum from jointing to booting period. With the increase in drip irrigation frequency and water amount, evaporation and water consumption exhibited a gradual upward trend, while wheat yield showed an initial increase followed by a decline. Compared to the control group, low-frequency high-volume drip irrigation significantly reduced soil evaporation and water consumption. Specifically, irrigating six times during the growth period with 300 m3·hm-2 each time resulted in a 50% reduction in water consumption compared to the control, leading to a significant decrease rate of 26.3% in water usage. Moreover, the yield and water use efficiency was significantly increased by 16.3% and 57.6%, respectively. Therefore, the recommended irrigation regimen for achieving high yield and efficiency in drip-irrigated wheat in the Hetao Irrigation District is six irrigation sessions during the tillering, jointing, booting, flowering, early grain-filling, and mid-grain-filling stages, with 300 m3·hm-2 of water for each session.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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