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To investigate the effect of phosphorus application mode on the grain setting characteristics of wheat ears under late spring coldness, wheat varieties Xinmai 26 with weak resistance to late spring coldness and Yannong 19 with strong resistance to late spring coldness were selected as experimental materials from 2022 to 2023. Field pot planting was adopted, and a low temperature light incubator was used to simulate late spring coldness. The main stem and grain setting characteristics of two wheat varieties were analyzed under the treatments of full basal application of phosphorus fertilizer under conventional temperature, 50% of phosphorus fertilizer postpone under conventional temperature, full basal application of phosphorus fertilizer under late spring coldness, and 50% of phosphorus fertilizer postpone under late spring coldness. The results showed that compared with normal temperature, the late spring coldness significantly reduced the number of grains and weight per spike in the main stem of Xinmai 26 and Yannong 19, with a decrease rate of 25.63% and 23.43%, respectively, and a decrease rate of 26.74% and 20.65% in weight per spike, respectively. Among them, the number of grains in the lower spikelets of both varieties decreased the most (40.21% and 31.91%, respectively). The grain position with the largest decrease in grain number was the third and fourth grain positions (40.00% and 80.77%, respectively). Under normal temperature conditions, after applying phosphorus fertilizer, the single spike weight of the main stem of the two varieties was higher than that of the full basal phosphorus fertilizer, with an increase rate of 9.37% and 19.48%, respectively, and the number of grains was increased by 11.17% and 8.45%, respectively. The largest increase in grain number was observed in the lower and upper spikelets (with increase rate of 30.93% and 31.25%, respectively). The thousand-grain weight of Yannong 19 significantly increased (with an increase rate of 12.49%). Compared with the full basal application of phosphorus fertilizer, the postpone of phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased the number of grains and weight per spike in the main stem of two varieties under the risk of late spring coldness. The increase rate of grain number per spike was 22.53% and 14.20%, and the increase rate of grain weight per spike was 25.94% and 10.96%, respectively. The highest increase in grain number in Xinmai 26 was observed in the lower spikelet and the third grain position (with an increase rate of 101.72% and 42.86%, respectively); The spikelet position with the largest increase in grain number of Yannong 19 was the upper spikelet (with an increase rate of 73.68%). In summary, late spring coldness can reduce the number of grains and weight per spike in the main stem of wheat. After applying phosphorus fertilizer, applying phosphorus postpone can alleviate the impact of late spring coldness on wheat spike fruiting by increasing the number of grains and weight per spike in the main stem.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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