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To screen the optimal mulching cultivation method for dryland wheat to improve water use efficiency and yield, a long-term positioning experiment was carried out in Yongshou County on the Weibei dryland for 12 growing seasons (2012—2024). Four treatments were set up: no mulching control (CK), straw mulching (SM), ridge mulching with furrow sowing (RMFS), and plastic film mulching (PFM), to systematically evaluate the long-term effects of different mulching methods on dryland wheat yield formation and water use. The results showed that compared with CK, the average wheat yield over the 12 growing seasons increased by 9.0%, 2.7%, and 12.7% under SM, RMFS, and PFM treatments, respectively, and biomass increased by 5.5%, 1.8%, and 12.8%, respectively. Compared to CK, the average pre-sowing soil water storage of SM, RMFS, and PFM increased by 7.4%, -0.3%, and 5.7%, respectively; the average post-harvest soil water storage of SM, RMFS, and PFM increased by 8.4%, 9.5%, and 4.4%, respectively; the average summer fallow soil water storage of SM, RMFS, and PFM increased by 23.5%, 2.3% and 16.0%, respectively. Compared to CK, RMFS and PFM increased surface soil temperature by 0.3-0.5 ℃, while SM decreased surface soil temperature by 0.4-0.6 ℃. Crop water consumption during the growing period under SM, RMFS, and PFM increased by 12.2%, 6.3%, and 8.0%, compared with CK, precipitation use efficiency increased by 6.0, -0.1, and 4.7 percentage points, and fallow period water use efficiency improved by 14.4, 0.8, and 9.1 percentage points, respectively. Comprehensive comparison indicated that PFM had the best effect on yield increase, while SM had the greatest advantage in water retention.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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