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To gain an deep understanding of the genetic characteristics of domestic and foreign wheat germplasm and to screen superior resources for rational parental combinations, 490 wheat germplasm resources were used as experimental materials. Genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, clustering analysis, principal component analysis, subordinate function analysis and comprehensive evaluation were conducted on 22 major agronomic traits (including flag leaf length, plant height, number of fertile spikelets, thousand-kernel weight, kernels per spike, yield and et al.) and 7 quality traits (including grain crude protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, volume weight and et al.). The results showed that the 490 wheat germplasm resources had abundant phenotypic diversity. The coefficient of variation (CV) for major agronomic traits ranged from 1.65% to 16.75%, being lowest for heading period and highest for kernels per spike. The genetic diversity index ranged from 1.74 to 2.07, with an average of 1.97, being highest for the number of fertile spikelets and lowest for growth period. The CV for grain quality traits ranged from 1.45% to 15.93%, being highest for sedimentation value and lowest for bulk weight. The genetic diversity index of grain quality traits ranged from 2.01 to 2.07, with an average of 2.04. Correlation analysis results indicated that: flag leaf length, plant height, number of fertile spikelets, kernels per spike, and thousand-kernel weight showed highly significant correlations with yield. Grain crude protein content, wet gluten content, and sedimentation value showed highly significantly positive pairwise correlations with extensibility. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted three principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 64.64%. Among these: the first and second principal components mainly reflected information related to yield-related traits, and the first and third principal components mainly reflected information related to quality traits. Through cluster analysis, the 490 wheat germplasm resources were divided into five groups. Group Ⅰ had the highest average yield; Group Ⅱ had the highest average kernels per spike; Group Ⅳ had the shortest average growth period, and Group V exhibited significantly higher crude protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, and extensibility compared to the other groups. Overall, Groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ demonstrated superior yield-related traits, while Group V showed outstanding quality-related traits. Comprehensive evaluation based on subordinative function analysis indicated that 22 wheat germplasms, including xf19200, Xikemai 3, Shannong 71, and Flanders exhibited better comprehensive traits. These can be selectively utilized based on the characteristics of their respective clusters in conjunction with the cluster analysis results.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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