To clarify the effects of tracking photovoltaic (PV) panel shading on winter wheat growth in coastal saline-alkali land and screen shade-tolerant varieties, three wheat varieties (Hengmai 27, Jiemai 19, and Tongmai 6) were used as materials. In the photovoltaic array with a north-south orientation and a panel spacing of 10 m, planting areas (S_0-2 to S_8-10) were set every 2 m from west to east. The flag leaf photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield components were determined. The results showed that: (1) PV panel shading exhibited a significant spatial gradient effect. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n) was highest in the central planting area S_4-6, reaching 18 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 in Hengmai 27, while edge planting areas showed a reduction rate of approximately 22%. There were significant differences in photosynthetic characteristics among varieties: Hengmai 27 maintained high and stable P_n and stomatal conductance (G_s); Jiemai 19 showed low P_n (6-8 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, only 40%-50% of Hengmai 27) but gentle fluctuations; Tongmai 6 exhibited severe fluctuations in P_n with a reduction rate exceeding 50%. Photosynthetic peak time delayed from the central belt toward both planting areas, reflecting the time-lag effect of east-west tracking PV panels. The high consistency among G_s, P_n, and transpiration rate (T_r) confirmed that stomata are the key regulators of photosynthesis and water loss. Hengmai 27, with high intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) and G_s, belonged to the non-stomatal limitation type; Jiemai 19, with the highest C_i but the lowest P_n, belonged to the photochemical limitation type; Tongmai 6, with fluctuating G_s and elevated C_i in late stage, belonged to the combined stomatal and photochemical limitation type. (2) The differences of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters among varieties revealed divergent photochemical adaptation strategies. The PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and actual photochemical efficiency (Φ_PSⅡ) of Hengmai 27 and Tongmai 6 were significantly higher than those of Jiemai 19 (P<0.05). However, Hengmai 27 had low initial fluorescence (F_o) with stable PS II basal state, while Tongmai 6 had high F_o indicating reversible damage to reaction centers. Jiemai 19 showed the most stable variable fluorescence (F_v) but the lowest F_v/F_m, adopting a defensive strategy dominated by thermal dissipation. (3) Yield analysis showed that the interaction of variety and planting area had significant effects on thousand-grain weight, grain yield, biomass, and harvest index (P<0.01), among which 1 000-grain weight was the most sensitive to shading. Hengmai 27 showed the smallest reduction in thousand-grain weight (2%-7%), with grain yield of 5 309.32 kg·hm^-2 and stable harvest index (50.23%-51.54%) in S_4-6, indicating coordinated source-sink relations. Jiemai 19 showed no significant change in thousand-grain weight under mild shading, but harvest index decreased to 46.03% in S_4-6, presenting source-sink imbalance with increased biomass but reduced harvest index. Tongmai 6 showed the largest reduction in thousand-grain weight (8%-18%), with grain yield of only 3 475.82 kg·hm^-2 in S_4-6, 34.5% lower than that of Hengmai 27. In conclusion, stomatal limitation is the main regulatory factor of photosynthetic variation. Hengmai 27 is a high-efficiency shade-tolerant variety, which is most suitable for planting in photovoltaic shading areas; Jiemai 19 has strong photoprotection ability and can be used as an alternative; Tongmai 6 has weak shade tolerance and is not suitable for the current conditions.