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Outline
To clarify the effects of different tillage and straw return practices on soil nutrients, microorganisms and crop yield, six treatments were conducted under the field soil conditions of the Huang-Huai-Hai winter wheat-maize rotation system: shallow rotary tillage without straw return(SN), shallow rotary tillage with straw return(SR), shallow rotary tillage with biochar application(SC), deep tillage without straw return(DN), deep tillage with straw return(DR), and deep tillage with biochar application(DC). The study compared the effects of different tillage practices and straw return methods on soil nutrient status, enzyme activity, and bacterial abundance, as well as on dry matter accumulation and yield components of wheat and maize. The results showed that under deep plowing conditions, combining straw incorporation or straw biochar incorporation effectively increased nutrient contents in the 0-40 cm soil layer, including total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and available potassium. Compared with the SN treatment, the other treatments significantly increased soil enzyme activity, particularly sucrase, phosphatase, and urease, indicating that the effect of straw return, tillage measures and their incorporation are beneficial for enhancing soil biological activity and nutrient cycling efficiency. Tillage practices and straw return significantly influenced soil microbial abundance. Compared with SN, all other treatments increased the populations of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. At the same time, deep plowing combined with straw return or straw biochar application promoted dry matter accumulation in winter wheat and summer maize, thereby increasing crop yields. Therefore, deep plowing, straw return, and straw biochar application are beneficial for improving soil fertility and increasing dry matter and yield of wheat and maize.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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