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To investigate the occurrence of autumn wheat stripe rust and the transmission pathways of pathogen sources in the over-summering areas of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Qinghai, systematic field disease surveys were conducted on the main over-summering host wheat in eastern Qinghai from August to November in 2023 and 2024. The results showed that overlapping host growth stages occurred in the eastern wheat-growing regions of Qinghai from August to October, allowing the pathogen to complete infection across different hosts. Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Qinghai is unaffected by summer high temperatures and can successfully survive over summer in nearly all wheat-growing areas, with pathogen reproduction lasting until December. From August to October, abundant precipitation in eastern Qinghai led to severe disease occurrence in autumn-sown wheat seedlings. The average diseased leaf rate showed a linear positive correlation with precipitation, and a significant positive correlation was observed with precipitation in September of 2023 (P≤0.05). Based on airflow trajectory simulations, it is inferred that during the occurrence of stripe rust on autumn-sown wheat seedlings in the eastern wheat-growing areas of Qinghai, the disease can directly impact autumn seedling infections in Gansu and Ningxia. Moreover, through a single long-distance dispersal event, the pathogen can reach the Guanzhong Plain and even the wheat-growing regions of southern Henan, with the potential to threaten northwestern Hubei.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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