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Based on the continuous 37 year (1984-2020) phenological observation data of winter wheat at the National Agricultural Meteorological Observation Station in Tongren City, Guizhou Province, and combined with the meteorological observation data of the corresponding period, the changes and response relationships of the phenological periods of winter wheat and agricultural climate factors were systematically analyzed using kernel density estimation, climate trend analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression model. The results showed that the phenological periods of winter wheat in Tongren City from 1984 to 2020 generally showed a phased delay trend, among which the tillering period had the largest delay ［10.9 d· (10 a)-1］. The duration of key growth stages was characterized by an extension at early stage ［vegetative growth period extended by 5.6 d· (10 a)-1］, a shortening in the middle stage［vegetative and reproductive growth concurrent period shortened by -10.8 d· (10 a)-1］, and relative stability at late stag ［reproductive growth period changed by 0.2 d· (10 a)-1］. During the growth period of winter wheat, the agricultural climate elements generally showed an increase in temperature, a decrease in sunshine, and an increase in the fluctuation of water and heat conditions. Correlation analysis indicated that accumulated temperature and ground temperature were significantly positively correlated with the phenological period day numbers of sowing, emergence and three-leaf stage (P<0.001), while relative humidity and sunshine duration were significantly negatively correlated with the phenological periods of heading, flowering and milk-ripen stage (P<0.05 or P<0.01), yet the maturity period had no significant correlation with each climate factor. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the phenological periods of winter wheat were most sensitive to accumulated temperature and ground temperature, followed by daily temperature range, precipitation and relative humidity, and less sensitive to sunshine duration. This study revealed the response characteristics of the phenological periods of winter wheat in the northeastern part of Guizhou Province to climate change, which can provide agricultural meteorological basis for the breeding and cultivation management of winter wheat varieties in the region.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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