To understand the evolution of agronomic and quality traits of wheat varieties approved in Jiangsu Province over past decade, thirteen agronomic and quality traits of 90 and 95 wheat varieties approved in Huaibei and Huainan areas of Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2023 were analyzed. The results showed that the wheat varieties approved in Huaibei from 2014 to 2023 were primarily medium-gluten types, while the focus in Huainan gradually shifted toward medium- and strong-gluten varieties. Local germplasm resources were more frequently utilized in variety breeding within the province compared to external sources, with Zhenmai 9 (17 times), Zhenmai 168 (14 times), Zhengmai 9023 (13 times), and Aikang 58 (11 times) being the most commonly used. The yield, plant height, grain number per spike, and 1 000-grain weight of the approved wheat varieties in both regions showed an upward trend, while the effective panicle number remained stable, and the growth period exhibited a downward trend. There are great differences in the quality changes of wheat varieties between the two places. In the Huaibei region, grain test weight, protein content, wet gluten content, and water absorption increased rapidly. The protein content and wet gluten content of wheat in Huainan showed a downward trend, and were gradually lower than those in Huaibei area. The maximum tensile resistance and tensile area of wheat in the two regions showed a stead trend, while dough stability time showed a downward trend. Correlation analysis revealed that in Huaibei, the correlation between wheat yield and its three components ranked as: 1 000-grain weight>grain number per spike>effective spike number. In Huainan, the correlation ranked as: 1 000-grain weight>effective panicle number>grain number per panicle. This indicates that the main goal of wheat yield breeding in Jiangsu Province in the past ten years was to improve the 1 000-grain weight, and the potential of yield increase can be continuously improved from the aspects of grain number per spike and effective spike number in the future. Huaibei area should try the feasibility of developing strong gluten and weak gluten wheat in different regions, and Huainan area should further introduce new high-quality germplasm resources. While increasing the number of approved varieties, the two regions should take into account the improvement of yield increase rate and the optimization of quality, and breed high-quality and high-yield wheat varieties that meet market demand.