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Drought is the primary agrometeorological disaster affecting spring wheat growth in the Hexi Corridor. Accurately identifying its drought characteristics is crucial for field management and disaster prevention and mitigation in local spring wheat cultivation. Based on the daily meteorological data from Wuwei Meteorological Station and the growth stage, soil relative humidity (Rsm) and yield data of spring wheat from the Agrometeorological Experiment Station during 1995-2023, the effective precipitation (Pe), crop water requirement (ETc), and crop water deficit index (CWDI) during the growth periods of spring wheat were calculated, and regression analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and Mann-Kendall (M-K) detection were employed to reveal the water supply-demand dynamics and drought characteristics of spring wheat. The results showed that the ETc during the growth period of spring wheat in the Hexi Corridor significantly exceeded Pe during 1995-2023. Under non-irrigation conditions, severe water imbalance occurred, with the peak water deficit reached 58.7 mm during jointing-heading stage. Drought frequency analysis showed frequent drought occurrences across all growth stages without irrigation, particularly during the jointing-heading stage, where the frequency of severe drought reached 86%. Under irrigation, only the sowing-three leaf stage exhibited a severe drought frequency of 55%, but the actual yield reduction rate was only 2.7%-9.4%. The interannual fluctuations of CWDI were significant between 1995 and 2023, under non-irrigation conditions, continuous drought persisted throughout the growth periods, with CWDI reaching 85% during the heading-grain filling stage. The CWDI showed an extremely significant upward trend at 9.5% a-1 (P<0.01), with an abrupt change occurring in 2014-2015. Under irrigation, the CWDI showed a monomodal pattern, with an overall increase rate slowing down to 1.4% a-1, however significantly downward trend at 52.0% a-1 (P<0.05) during three leaf-jointing stage. Although CWDI reached 81% during sowing-three leaf stage, winter irrigation ensured soil moisture, which basically met crop requirements. Climate change intensified water stress on spring wheat. Adopting precision irrigation technologies such as drip irrigation during the critical water requirement stages of spring wheat can effectively mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change induced spring droughts and late spring early summer droughts on crops. This approach ensures normal growth and development of spring wheat and stabilized yields.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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