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To elucidate the variation sites, dwarf gene composition and dwarfing effect of a dwarf mutant Yutong 194, the wild type variety Zhoumai 18 was used as the control. Exome capture sequencing was employed to verify the authenticity of the mutation and mine variation sites. Molecular detection of dwarf gene, gibberellin (GA3) sensitivity tests at the seedling stage, and analyses of plant height and yield-related traits were conducted. The results showed that a 99.63% genetic identity between Yutong 194 and Zhoumai 18. SNPs were predominantly enriched on chromosomes 2B (52.62%), 5A (11.49%), and 2D (6.25%). On chromosome 2B, 96.93% of the differential loci (253 loci) were concentrated within four regions, spanning a total length of 38.42 Mb. Both lines carried the Rht2, Rht9, and Rht24 genes, while Yutong 194 additionally carried the Rht8. Gibberellin sensitivity tests indicated that both lines are insensitive to exogenous GA3, consistent with the characteristic response of Rht2+Rht24 gene combination. Under different planting conditions, the plant height of Yutong 194 was significantly lower than Zhoumai 18(9.83% reduction in hill-drop sowing, and 11.98% in plot). The dwarfing primarily resulted from shortening of the basal three internodes and the penultimate internode (12.09% -29.08%). The dwarfing did not negatively affect yield traits such as grains per spike or 1 000-grain weight. Instead, it significantly increased the tiller-to-ear ratio (15.5% increase in tillers per plant and 8.63% increase in spike number under hill-drop sowing), ultimately leading to a yield increase rate of 3.88% . This study confirms that Yutong 194 is a dwarf mutant of Zhoumai 18 and demonstrates its potential for synergistically reducing plant height and enhancing yield.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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