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Outline
This study aimed to systematically compare the differences in the aggregation effects of large-spike and large-grain traits between dwarf male-sterile wheat and common wheat using the novel large-spike germplasm Luoxin 001 and large-grain germplasm Luomai 76. Additionally, it sought to screen elite recombinant materials, providing a theoretical basis for efficiently aggregating superior traits using dwarf male-sterile wheat. Zhoumai 22 and its near-isogenic dwarf male-sterile wheat line (dwarf male-sterile Zhoumai 22) were used as female parents to hybridize with Luoxin 001 and Luomai 76, constructing common wheat and dwarf male-sterile wheat populations. Twelve spike and grain related traits were evaluated in the initial segregating generations. Diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component and cluster analysis were comprehensively used to assess the impact of dwarf male-sterile wheat on selection populations and progeny lines, and the elite recombinant materials were identified. Both selection populations exhibited high diversity indices (5.47-5.60), indicating abundant variation across traits. Significant differences were observed between the two populations for all traits except spike length, number of spikelets, spikelet density, and thousand-kernel weight. The dwarf male-sterile selection population showed higher coefficients of variation (>10%) in spike-related traits (except number of spikelets), stronger positive correlations among most spike and grain traits, and enhanced potential for breaking trait linkages. Based on principal component analysis (four components, cumulative contribution rate 89.29%), cluster analysis divided the populations into seven groups. Groups Ⅳ and Ⅶ exhibited transgressive segregation for the combination of large-spike and large-grain traits: Group Ⅳ exhibited transgressive superiority in spike traits, while group Ⅶ excelled in grain traits. Group Ⅳ (77.19% from the dwarf male-sterile wheat population) was identified as the ideal target, demonstrating the superiority of dwarf male-sterile wheat in aggregating large-spike and large-grain traits.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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