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To elucidate the chromosomal and molecular genetic composition of the premium weak-gluten wheat variety Neimai 416, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 660K wheat SNP array were employed to analyze Neimai 416 and its parental lines She 06-245 and J1094. The results showed that FISH analysis identified 42 chromosomes in the root tip cells of Neimai 416, with stable inheritance. The Oligo-pSc119.2 FISH signals on chromosomes 4A, 5A, 1B, and 6B differed from those of the maternal parent She 06-245, and except for 1B, also differed from the paternal parent J1094. The 660K SNP array results revealed that the maternal parent She 06-245 contributed 66.51% of the genetic material to Neimai 416, while the paternal parent J1094 contributed 33.49%, indicating a genetic bias towards the maternal parent in Neimai 416. At the genome level, the maternal parent She 06-245 exhibited higher genetic contributions to the A, B, and D genomes (73.84%, 60.73%, and 61.64%, respectively) compared to the paternal parent J1094. Chromosomally, except for chromosomes 1B, 6B, 4D, and 7D, She 06-245 showed greater genetic contributions than J1094 across all other chromosomes, with particularly great contributions on 7A (91.98%) and 3D (90.32%). Functional marker analysis revealed that Neimai 416 integrates multiple genes of high thousand-kernel weight (TaGS2B1, TaGW2-6B, TaGS-D1, TaSus2-2A, TaCwi, and TaGS2A1), along with superior alleles associated with disease resistance (COMT3B, 1-FEH-6B, TaDREB1, Vp1B1, and Lr34) and agronomic traits (Rht-D1b and TamybR_B1b). This study demonstrates that Neimai 416 exhibits chromosomal stability, a pronounced maternal-biased inheritance pattern, and carries multiple high thousand-kernel weight genes and resistance-related superior genes.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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