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To clarify the regulatory effects of phosphorus application on drought tolerance during the development of wheat floret, a multi-spike variety Yumai 49-198 (V1) and a large-spike variety Zhoumai 22 (V2) were used as experimental materials. A pot experiment was conducted under two soil water conditions: severe drought (35%-45% of field capacity, W0) and normal moisture (75%-85% of field capacity, W1), and two phosphorus application levels (no phosphorus application, P0; 0.134 g·kg-1 phosphorus application, P1). The effects of phosphorus application on the number of fertile florets and grain number per spike during wheat floret development, as well as the photosynthetic characteristics, osmotic regulation, and antioxidant system of the flag leaf were investigated. The results showed that compared with W1, the number of fertile florets and grains per spike in the two wheat varieties under W0 condition were significantly reduced; the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximum quantum efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) of flag leaf, and plant phosphorus content decreased significantly; the content of soluble protein (SP), proline (PRO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the flag leaf were significantly increased. Compared with P0, P1 significantly increased the number of fertile florets and grain number per spike of the two varieties, with an increase rate of 5.74%-22.99%, 9.90%-17.48% for V1 and 12.16%-15.63%, 7.61%-27.45% for V2, respectively; P1 effectively increased the SPAD, Pn, Fv/Fm, SP content, PRO content, SOD and CAT activities in flag leaf, and decreased the MDA of flag leaf. The differences were significant under W0 condition, and the regulatory effect on V2 was greater than that on V1. In this study, phosphorus application significantly enhanced the drought tolerance of wheat plants, improved the photosynthetic assimilation, provided sufficient nutritional security for the formation and development of fertile florets into grains, thus achieving stable yield with increased grains, and the regulatory effect of which on the large-spike variety was higher than that of the multi-spike variety.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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