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Outline
In order to clarify the effect of the new carbon-based blended fertilizer (CBF) on wheat following rice stubble, using F1 (24-12-8), F2 (24-10-10), F3 (18-10-7) and F4 (15-10-10) as materials, four application patterns were designed under similar fertilizer cost conditions: CBF applied once pre sowing (M1), CBF applied twice (M2), and CBF applied twice along with urea supplemented pre-sowing (M3) or at jointing stage (M4). Using urea four times application as control (CK), the effects of different treatments on wheat population structure, leaf senescence, yield component, nitrogen efficiency, and economic benefit were studied. The results showed that M1 had the lowest spike number at maturity stage and the percentage of ear bearing tiller, as well as the largest decrease of LAI and SPAD value at milking stage, resulting in a decrease rate in yield of 7.96%-12.91%, a decrease in apparent nitrogen use efficiency of 0.93-3.52 percentage points, and a decrease in net benefit of 2 012.49-3 070.72 yuan·hm-2 compared with CK. Compared with M1, M2, M3 and M4 promoted spike number, kernel number per spike and 1 000-grain weight, and increased grain yield by 12.60%, 19.20% and 16.46%, respectively. M3 was more conducive to improving tillering and matter accumulation at the early stage of wheat, promoting seedling strength, maintaining higher population LAI and flag leaf SPAD value, and increasing dry matter and nitrogen accumulation at maturity stage, which increased yield and apparent nitrogen use efficiency by 2.23%-12.19% and 3.62-12.48 percentage points compared with CK, respectively. From the perspective of economic benefit, M3 achieved the highest output value and saved twice labor input of topdressing, and thus improved net benefit, compared with CK in F1, F2 and F3, which achieved the highest net benefit in F2, with an increase of 1 399.65 yuan·hm-2 compared with CK. In different fertilizer formulations, F3 and F4 increased apparent nitrogen use efficiency but failed to reach the expected yield and benefits under the similar fertilizer costs. F2 showed higher yield and benefits in M2, M3, and M4 compared with other formula fertilizers. In summary, among different formulations of CBF, F2 applied twice along with urea supplement pre-sowing is the most beneficial fertilizer method to synergistically improve wheat yield, economic benefit and apparent nitrogen use efficiency, which can promote the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of wheat following rice stubble.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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