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Outline
Yangmai 25 has the potential of late sowing resistance and high yield in production. This experiment aimed to clarify its mechanism of late sowing resistance. The experiment was conducted in Wanfu Base of Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Science, Jiangsu Province during 2019—2020 and 2020—2021, with Ningmai 13, Yangmai 20, and Yangmai 25 as materials. Four sowing dates were set up (November 5, November 15, November 25, and December 5, marked as Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ, respectively), with different planting density (2.25×106 plants·hm-2, 3.00×106 plants·hm-2, 3.75×106 plants·hm-2, and 4.50×106 plants·hm-2). The differences of individual tiller occurrence at over-wintering stage, population structure, grain setting characteristics and yield components were studied, to analyze the growth and development mechanism of Yangmai 25 achieving high yield under late sowing conditions. The results showed that when the sowing date was delayed, Yangmai 25 showed higher tiller number per plant compared with Ningmai 13 and Yangmai 20 at over-wintering stage, which had large population biomass at seedling stage. The grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight of Yangmai25 showed a lowest decreasing trend under late sowing conditions. Compared with sowing date Ⅰ, Yangmai 25 showed the smallest decrease in grain number and thousand grain weight among the Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ sowiing dates, with a decrease rate of 1.80%, 7.62%, and 10.11% in grain number, while that of Ningmai 13 decreased by 3.79%, 11.63%, and 16.18%, and Yangmai 20 decreased by 5.14%, 12.36%, and 20.45%, respectively. Under four sowing periods, the 1 000-grain weight and yield of Yangmai 25 were higher than those of Yangmai 20 and Ningmai 13, with the smallest reduction in yield and good stability. In Summary, under the late sowing conditions, Yangmai 25 maintained high tiller ability per plant and individual developmental at over-wintering stage, and coordinated population structure, which could lay a foundation for high yield. Yangmai 25 had lowest decrease in grain number and stable 1 000-grain yield, which was conducive to realizing stable and high yield under late sowing.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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