Full
Outline
In order to explore the characteristics in photosynthetic performance and yield of dryland winter wheat under different straw mulching methods, three mulching methods were set up in the northwest arid region from 2022 to 2023: four rows of straw strip mulching sowing (SSM4), five rows of straw strip mulching sowing (SSM5), and full crushed-straw mulching (SCM), with bare ground as the control (CK). The differences of soil moisture, dry matter accumulation, flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, grain yield and its components of winter wheat under different straw mulching methods were analyzed. The results showed that the soil moisture content in wheat fields under straw mulching increased by 0.1-1.9 percentage points compared to CK, with SSM4 and SCM showing the largest increase during the grain filling stage, and SSM5 showing the largest increase during the maturity stage. Compared with CK, straw mulching increased the average net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of wheat flag leaves from 0 to 28 days after flowering by 12.8% to 18.7%, 24.2% to 38.0%, and 21.2% to 33.8%, respectively. It also reduced the average intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) by 7.9% to 10.3%. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of both SSM4 and SSM5 showed the greatest increase at 21 days after flowering, while SCM showed the greatest increase at 28 and 14 days after flowering, respectively. The stomatal conductance (Gs increase) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci decrease) of SSM4, SSM5, and SCM reached their maximum variation at 28 days after flowering. The chlorophyll content (SPAD value) significantly increased, with an increase rate of 3.9% to 7.0%. Among them, the maximum increase in SSM4 and SSM5 occurred at 0 day after flowering, while the maximum increase in SCM occurred at 21 days after flowering. The average dry matter accumulation during the entire growth period under straw mulching increased by 0.7% to 30.5% compared to CK. Among them, SSM4, SSM5, and SCM showed the largest increase during the grain filling stage; SSM5 showed the largest increase during the jointing stage, and SCM showed the largest increase during the booting stage. Straw mulching significantly increased the grain yield of winter wheat, with an increase rate of 7.9%, 18.6%, and 9.9% for SSM4, SSM5, and SCM, respectively. The main reason for the increase in yield was the increase in the number of spikes per unit area and thousand-grain weight. Thus, it can be seen that straw mulching can effectively increase soil moisture in dryland winter wheat, promote dry matter accumulation, improve flag leaf photosynthetic capacity, and facilitate yield formation. Ultimately, wheat yield can be improved by increasing the number of spikes and thousand-grain weight, and the best effect was achieved by sowing in 5 rows with straw strip mulching.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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