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To investigate the effects of nano-carbon dots on wheat emergence, the morphological and physiological characteristics of seedling and yield, a total of three treatments were set up: seed soaking, seed dressing, foliar spraying after emergence with nano-carbon dots aqueous solution, and no application of nano-carbon dots was used as the control (CK), with a wheat variety Yangmai 25 as the material, Three carbon dots concentrations were applied for seed soaking, seed dressing, and foliar spraying, with concentrations of 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 mg·mL-1, respectively. The differences in wheat emergence rate, plant height, biomass, stress resistance physiology, and yield under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that using carbon dots aqueous solution for seed soaking and seed dressing, the actual emergence rates in the field after 20 days of sowing reached 76.8%-78.0% and 58.4%-60.5%, respectively. Compared with CK, the emergence rates of wheat in the field were increased by 27.0-28.2 percentage points and 8.6-10.7 percentage points, respectively. Compared with CK, after 20 days of wheat sowing, the height of seedlings treated with seed soaking, seed dressing, and foliar spraying increased by 39.8%-52.5%, 25.6%-28.1%, and 23.3%-32.2%, respectively; the fresh weight of aboveground parts increased by 95.3%-100.4%, 46.9%-53.8%, and 45.3%-56.5%, respectively; the maximum root length increased by 58.4%-60.7%, 28.6%-35.4%, and 19.2%-34.7%, and the fresh weight of roots increased by 60.2%-85.8%, 45.5%-48.1%, and 36.2%-39.1%, respectively. After seed soaking, seed dressing, and foliar spraying with nano-carbon dots, wheat seedling’ α-amylase and β-amylase activities, antioxidant enzyme activity, and content of soluble sugar were significantly increased, and the content of malondialdehyde was decreased. The wheat yield increased by 13.8%-16.0%, 9.8%-10.6%, and 5.4%-7.0%, respectively. The above results indicated that using nano-carbon dots for seed soaking, seed dressing, and foliar spraying led to the effectively promoted wheat emergence, early emergence and strong seedling, enhanced its stress resistance, and thus increased yield, and using 0.02-0.5 mg·mL-1 nano-carbon dots solution to soak seeds can achieve the best effect in wheat production.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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