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Outline
In order to solve the problem of poor photosynthetic performance and low water use efficiency caused by uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in irrigated agricultural areas of Xinjiang, the main spring wheat variety Xinchun 44 in northern Xinjiang was used as the material in this study. Under the condition of reducing irrigation by 20%, a two-factor randomized block design was used to set up four types of water-retaining agents: granular polymer water-absorbing polymer (SAP), potassium polyacrylate drought-resistant water-retaining agent, sodium polyacrylate drought-resistant water-retaining agent and powdered SAP and three dosage levels (D1: 30 kg·hm-2; D2: 45 kg·hm-2; D3: 60 kg·hm-2), with no water-retaining agent as control (CK), the effects of water-retaining agent on photosynthetic performance, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, the water-retaining agent treatment improved the photosynthetic characteristics of spring wheat at flowering and filling stages, improved the potential light energy conversion efficiency of PSII reaction center in flag leaves and the overall functional activity of electron transport chain, and enhanced the light energy capture and transfer efficiency of plants. The grain yield (5.36%-28.90%) and water use efficiency of spring wheat were increased. Under the same application amount, there was no significant difference in photosynthetic characteristics, comprehensive performance indexs and yield of spring wheat between sodium polyacrylate drought-resistant water-retaining agent and powdered SAP treatment, but it was 5.47%—26.75%, 30.76%—51.80% and 11.39%—20.60% higher than granular SAP treatment. The water use efficiency of sodium polyacrylate drought-resistant water-retaining agent and powdered SAP was significantly higher than that of potassium polyacrylate drought-resistant water-retaining agent and granular SAP. Under the same type of water-retaining agent treatment, the photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence parameters, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat basically showed D3>D2>D1, and the yield showed that D2 and D3 significantly increased by 1.02%—3.60% and 2.66%—9.21% compared with D1, and the water use efficiency showed that D2 and D3 significantly increased by 1.16%—6.66% and 2.12%—8.00% compared with D1. Under the conditions of this experiment, the photosynthetic characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat in Xinjiang were the highest under the management mode of sodium polyacrylate water retaining agent and 60 kg·hm-2, it is the best management mode to achieve high yield and high water use efficiency of reduced irrigation wheat in Xinjiang.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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