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Outline
To investigate the mechanism behind the synergistic improvement of yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat under appropriate nitrogen application rate, a strong gluten wheat cultivar Fengdecun 5 was used as the experimental material and three nitrogen fertilization treatments [0 kg·hm-2 (N0), 180 kg·hm-2 (N180) and 300 kg·hm-2 (N300)] were set up. The study analyzed the effects of nitrogen application rate on internode morphological characteristics, vascular bundle structure, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation, as well as yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat. The results showed that nitrogen application increased internode diameter, number of big vascular bundles (NBV)(except for the 3rd top internode below the spike), mean area of big vascular bundles (MABV), total area of big vascular bundles (TABV), number of small vascular bundles (NSV), mean area of small vascular bundles (MASV), and total area of small vascular bundles (TASV). Compared with N0, the internode diameter of N180 and N300 treatments increased by 14.80%-29.95% and 10.80%-29.41%, NBV increased by 3.35%-28.39% and 1.05%-17.91%, NSV increased by 17.32%-41.69% and 13.25%-33.31%, MABV increased by 4.49%-20.10% and 3.75%-9.91%, TABV increased by 8.19%-48.87% and 5.10%-27.58%, MASV increased by 1.94%-20.47% and 0.49%-15.53%, TASV increased by 41.50%-59.79% and 19.76%-50.67% respectively. Nitrogen application increased dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs at anthesis, and also increased the pre-anthesis dry matter translocation, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation and its contribution rate to grain nitrogen, and N180 treatment was the highest. Compared with N0, the grain yield of N180 and N300 treatments increased by 271.95% and 215.81%, spike number increased by 195.29% and 147.38%, and grain number per spike increased by 40.87% and 34.42%, respectively. Compared with N300, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency, agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and partial factor productivity of N180 treatments were increased. Collectively, under the experimental conditions, 180 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application was conducive to increase the diameter of internode and promote the development of internode vascular, facilitates the post-anthesis translocation of pre-anthesis dry matter and nitrogen to grains, and thereby achieves synergistic improvement in yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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