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Outline
To reveal the characteristics changes during the in vitro regeneration of wheat immature embryos, this study used immature embryos from eight wheat varieties, including Zhoumai 18 and Zhengmai 004, as materials to induce callus formation and conduct redifferentiation culture. The structural and morphological changes during the formation of embryogenic callus, somatic embryogenesis, and organogenesis in the in vitro culture of wheat immature embryos were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the redifferentiation of embryogenic callus can be divided into three types: direct bud formation, leaf-before-bud, and mixed bud-leaf growth. The organogenesis of these three differentiation types manifested as follows: in the direct bud formation type, young leaves gradually unfolded as the buds grew; For the leaf-before-bud type, new leaves, adventitious buds, and adventitious roots emerged from the edges of young leaves or the tissue between leaves; the mixed bud-leaf type exhibited characteristics of both the former types, with multiple organs developing simultaneously. Somatic embryogenesis was divided into three stages: early embryonic development, differentiation into buds, and differentiation into organs, with somatic embryos at all three developmental stages coexisting in the same tissue. In the later growth stages, the direct bud formation type showed more uniform and consistent seedling growth compared to the other two types, and both the direct bud formation and mixed bud-leaf types were positively correlated with the differentiation rate.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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