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Outline
Starch branching enzyme is one of the key enzymes involved in plant starch biosynthesis and metabolism. In order to explore the function of starch branching enzyme in wild emmer wheat, nine starch branching enzyme genes (TdSBEs) were identified based on the genome data of wild emmer wheat by bioinformatics methods, and their physical and chemical properties, phylogeny, cis-acting elements, collinearity, and expression pattern were analyzed. The results showed that the molecular weight of the protein for the nine TdSBEs was between 65 518.04 and 151 934.4 Da, with isoelectric point ranging from 5.37 to 6.64. The subcellular localization for all TdSBEs were in the chloroplast. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the nine TdSBEs were classified into 3 subfamilies. Majority of the gene within the same subfamily were conserved in gene structure and motif, except for TdSBE1-7A1. The TdSBEs contained the cis-elements related to plant hormones, plant growth and development, and abiotic stress response. In addition, endosperm and root specific-expression elements were also found in TdSBE2s. Chromosomal localization and collinearity analysis showed that the members of the TdSBEs were located in the group-2 and-7 homologous chromosomes, and a pair of tandem replication genes were identified. The TdSBEs were highly expressed in spike and grain, showing spatial-temporally specific expression. The above results indicate that there are multiple TdSBEs genes in wild emmer wheat, which are mainly expressed in spikes and grains. There are a large number of cis-acting elements related to plant growth and development, plant hormones, and stress response in the promoter region.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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