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Outline
To investigate the effects of deep tillage combined with biochar and sheep manure application under straw returning on the improvement of saline-alkali soil and the enhancement of salt tolerance in winter wheat in the inland plain of Hebei Province, a field experiment was conducted with five treatments: deep tillage + straw returning (T1), deep tillage + biochar 15 t·hm-2 + straw returning (T2), deep tillage + sheep manure 15 t·hm-2 + straw returning (T3), rotary tillage + no straw returning (T4), and rotary tillage + straw returning (T5). The soil physicochemical properties and wheat salt tolerance under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that compared with T4 and T5 treatments, T2 treatment significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased soil porosity in the 0-20 cm soil layer, with an increase rate of 11.51%-12.51% for soil porosity. T3 treatment significantly increased the contents of soil nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, while there were no significant differences between T1 and T4 or T5 treatments. Under the T3 treatment, the accumulation of superoxide anion radicals in flag leaves during the early, middle, and late grain-filling stages of wheat was significantly reduced by 17.57%-28.30% compared with T4 and T5 treatments, while the activities of SOD and POD were significantly increased. The NBT and DAB staining results confirmed the optimal reduction effect of reactive oxygen species accumulation. The contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar were significantly increased by 12.15%-25.51% and 15.85%-31.81%, respectively. The content of free amino acids was significantly increased during the early and late grain-filling stages by 9.15%-22.81%. T3 treatment significantly increased the total accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the aboveground parts of winter wheat compared with T4 and T5 treatments. The yield of winter wheat under the T3 treatment was increased by 6.91%, 15.44%, and 10.13% compared with T1, T4, and T5 treatments, respectively, while there was no significant difference between T2 and T3 treatments. Considering both ecological effects and productivity improvement, deep tillage + sheep manure + straw returning is recommended as a key technology for expanding soil capacity, increasing carbon sequestration, and improving winter wheat yield in the inland saline-alkali soil of the low plain in Hebei Province.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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