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Outline
Stomatal regulation plays a pivotal role in mitigating the impacts of abiotic stressors such as drought. It is necessary to clarify the physiological and ecological response of stomata of flag leaves to drought stress in wheat under semiarid rainfed region, which is helpful to provide guidance for dissecting traits for rapid screening indicators of drought and stress resistance varieties and exploring the improvement directions of stomatal related traits. Field experiments were conducted in two cropping seasons with 101 winter wheat genotypes under rainfed agriculture in Gansu and 3 main cultivars in Huanghuai wheat area as materials. Some indices were measured, which included stomatal distribution frequency and morphological indices, photosynthetic physiological parameters and agronomic traits of flag leaves at the mid-filling stage. The index D of stomatal character was obtained by principal component analysis and membership function method to comprehensively analyze winter wheat. The results showed that stomatal index was positively correlated with stomatal density and stomatal width, while stomatal density was negatively correlated with stomatal length. Genotype and rainfed region environment significantly affected stomatal, photosynthetic physiological, and agronomic traits．Also, the interaction between genotype and environment significantly affected the growth and development of winter wheat. Using principal component analysis, six single drought tolerance evaluation indices were transformed into three independent comprehensive indices, which reflected 84.49% of the original drought tolerance index information. The first principal component explained 37.64% of the total variation information, in which the absolute values of the load coefficients from stomatal width was the largest. The second principal component contained 26.08% of the raw information, which mainly reflected stomatal density. The third principal component played a major role in the stomatal length index, which contained 20.77% of the original information. According to the D value, the drought tolerance of the winter wheat was divided into three categories. Sixteen winter wheat varieties with strong adaptability were selected, including Lantian 131, Lantian 28, Lantian 18, and Jinmai 47, etc. The winter wheat in dryland with small, flat stomata, and high stomata density has higher leaf water use efficiency, which has sustainable yield potential in water deficient region. In summary, stomatal width, density and length can be used as the preferred indices for drought and stress resistance screening during filling stage of winter wheat. The comprehensive index D value of stomatal traits can effectively and reliably analyze the drought tolerance of winter wheat during grain filling period.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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