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In order to determine the optimum nitrogen topdressing amount and planting density for improving the starch quality and yield of weak gluten wheat, a weak gluten wheat variety Yangmai 15 was used as material, with four nitrogen topdressing levels (37.8, 43.2, 48.6, and 54.0 kg·hm-2, namely N1, N2, N3, and N4) and three density levels (1.8×106, 2.4×106, and 3.0×106 plants·hm-2, namely D1, D2, and D3). The effects of different nitrogen topdressing amounts and planting density on starch particle size distribution, gelatinization characteristics, protein components, grain enzyme activity and yield of wheat were characterized. The results showed that with the decreasing nitrogen topdressing, the volume and surface area percentage of B-type (≤10 μm) starch granules in wheat grains increased first and then decreased, the volume and surface area percentage of A-type (>10 μm) starch granules decreased first and then increased. After reducing the amount of topdressing nitrogen, the contents of wet gluten and protein, sedimentation value, albumin, globulin, glutenin, and gliadin content of wheat showed a downward trend, and the starch content showed an overall upward trend. The viscosity parameters such as SS activity, ADGPase activity, grain yield, starch peak viscosity and final viscosity of wheat increased first and then decreased, and the viscosity parameters such as SS activity, ADGPase activity, grain yield, and peak viscosity at N3 level were the highest. With the increase of planting density, the volume and surface area percentage of B-type starch granules showed an upward trend, and the volume and surface area percentage of A-type starch granules showed a downward trend. After increasing the planting density, the contents of albumin, globulin, glutenin, and gliadin initially decreased and then increased, and the highest content of each protein component was at D3 level. The viscosity parameters such as peak viscosity, trough viscosity, and final viscosity of wheat starch increased with the increase of density. Increasing planting density reduced wet gluten content, protein content, and sedimentation value, but increased grain starch content, SS activity, and ADGPase activity, thereby promoting grain yield. Under the conditions of this experiment, proper nitrgen supplementation and densification could improve grain yield and processing quality of wheat gluten wheat by increasing the proportion of B-type starch gains, starch viscosity parametes, SS activity and ADGPase activity.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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