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In order to investigate the regulatory effects of sowing date and nitrogen topdressing stage and their interaction on the population structure and grain yield of winter wheat, the field experiment was carried out using winter wheat cultivar Zhongmai 108, In this study, different sowing dates ( S1: September 29; S2: October 31 ) and nitrogen topdressing stage ( N1: Regreening stage; N2: Jointing stage ) was conducted to analyze difference of growth process, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), population dynamics, dry matter accumulation, agronomic traits, grain yield and its components of winter wheat among different treatments. The results showed that days from seeding emergence to regreening of S2 was 35 days less than that of S1, but days from regreening to maturity was only 1 day less than that of S1. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), tillers number and dry matter accumulation amount of S1 were higher than those of S2 at each growth stage, while dry matter amount differences between S2 and S1 gradually narrowed following the growth process. The grain yield and spikes number of S1 were significantly higher than those of S2, however, the spike stem ratio, fertility rate of spikelets and grain number per spike were opposite. NDVI at jointing and late filling stage was significantly affected by nitrogen topdressing stage, which in N1 treatment was significantly higher than in N2. Nevertheless, dry matter accumulation amount at flowering and maturity stages of N2 was higher than that of N1, which increased by 6.9% and 11.4% under S1 conditions, and increased by 4.4% and 4.9% under S2 conditions, respectively. There was no significant difference in productive tiller percentage, grain yield and its components between N1 and N2. In general, under the condition of late sowing (S2), winter wheat can accelerate the growth process through self-regulation, increase dry matter production rate, spikelet seed setting rate and grain number per spike to ensure a certain yield; nitrogen topdressing at regreening stage was beneficial to improve the spring vegetation index and tillers number of late sown wheat, and nitrogen topdressing at jointing stage was favourable for promoting dry matter accumulation after anthesis.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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