As the only cereal accumulating triterpenoid saponins and steroidal saponins, oat has many medicinal and health functions. In this review, the research on saponins in oat was reviewed by systematically summarizing the relevant literature. The configuration and content of saponins in oat varied among different organ tissues and growth stages. The underground part of oat mainly contains triterpenoid saponins, while the aboveground part dominantly contains steroid saponins. The synthesis and accumulation of oat saponins are regulated by genotype, and also influenced by environmental factors and cultivation measures. The key steps of oat saponin biosynthesis pathway were summarized, and related enzymes (such as squalene cyclase, farnesyl pyrophosphotransferase, glycosyltransferase and so on) involved in the key steps were mined to promote the deep development and utilization of oat.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |