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AP2 transcription factors are a large class of transcription factors that play important roles in plant signaling, growth and development, and stress responses. To explore the molecular characteristics of AP2 transcription factors in wild emmer wheat, based on the genomic information of wild emmer wheat, AP2 gene family members were identified using Blast and Hmmer. The identified members were analyzed for protein physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, phylogenetic tree, conserved domains, gene expansion, cis-acting elements, codon usage bias, expression patterns, and genetic diversity. The results showed that a total of 265 AP2 genes were identified in wild emmer wheat, mainly located in the nucleus and chloroplasts. According to phylogenetic analysis, they were grouped into 3 subfamilies, showing both conservation and diversity in conserved domains and gene structures between subfamilies. Predictions of cis-acting elements indicated that AP2 contains multiple elements related to growth, development and abiotic stress. Analysis of codon usage bias revealed that the codon bias of AP2 genes may be subject to selective pressure. The expression pattern analysis of AP2 genes in tissues and under salt stress suggested subfunctionalization within the family and their important role in salt stress response. Analysis of nucleotide diversity and population differentiation indices in different wheat populations indicated that some members of the AP2 gene family exhibit high genetic diversity in wild emmer wheat.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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