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Outline
To address the erosion wear issue of bends in ice-water two‑phase flow pipelines for polar ships，a study on buoyancy-flow coupled erosion characteristics under different relative orientations was carried out.Numerical simulations were performed on a marine DN100 bend using the Euler-Lagrange bidirectional coupling method，and the erosion wear characteristics under three flow directions （along the X，Y，and Z axes of a 3D coordinate system） were analyzed for different particle sizes and bend angles.The results show that the spatial distribution of erosion hot spots varies significantly under different flow directions.The erosion intensity is the strongest in the X direction，forming an asymmetric erosion hot spot on the outer arc and lower side of the bend，while the erosion intensity is lower and the spatial distribution is more symmetric in other directions.The region near the 60° bend angle is the most severely eroded area.As the particle size increases，the average erosion rate reaches a valley at dp=0.5 mm，and the influence of buoyancy on particle aggregation position and erosion asymmetry is further amplified.In engineering applications，the layout of pipelines in the X direction should be avoided as much as possible，and enhanced protection should be provided at the 60° bend position.The research results can provide a reference for the layout optimization and local corrosion‑resistant design of bends in ice-water two‑phase flow pipelines for polar ships.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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