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Outline
Quantitatively predicting the motion trajectory and force characteristics of complexly shaped foreign objects （FOs） in confined turbulent flows is key to assess the safety risks of industrial pipeline systems.In response to the limitations of existing CFD software，particularly inefficient mesh reconstruction for complex moving boundaries and difficulties in accurately resolving transient collision processes，this study proposed an innovative coupled numerical method that integrated the immersed boundary method （IBM） and the discrete element method （DEM）.A fluid flow model for a variable‑diameter pipeline containing spherical FOs was developed，achieving bidirectional，multi‑physics coupling （among the fluid，the FOs and the pipe wall） by combining an adaptive SST k-ω turbulence model with DEM contact theory.A hydrodynamic experimental test rig was constructed to measure the suspended height of spherical FOs in the variable‑diameter pipe.This revealed an average error of less than 10% between the experimental and numerical results，thereby validating the numerical model's reliability.Furthermore，the dynamic flow behavior of a block‑shaped FOs in the same variable‑diameter pipe was investigated，revealing significant differences in trajectory and flow field characteristics compared to spherical FOs.These results lay the computational path for understanding FOs induced motion mechanisms and developing future risk assessment methods.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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