Aiming at the problem of reduced ventilation efficiency due to wear and tear caused by dust particles eroding the blade surface in dusty environments，this paper carries out a study on the dynamic prediction of erosion and wear of axial fan airfoil segments.By simulating the erosion process of the three‑dimensional airfoil section of the fan under the action of gas-solid two‑phase flow，the dynamic evolution process of dust particles eroding the surface of the straight airfoil section was studied，and the changes in the wear morphology of the airfoil surface under different incoming flow velocity conditions and their effects on aerodynamic performance were analyzed.The research results show that with the progress of erosion time，the cumulative effect of erosion and wear on the leading edge of the airfoil surface is significant，the degree of wear of particles on the airfoil surface gradually increases，and the depth of erosion pits continues to increase.When the relative velocity between dust and the airfoil surface is 25 m/s and the erosion time reaches 80 h，the maximum erosion depth on the airfoil surface approaches 1 mm.The change in the wear morphology of the airfoil surface causes fluctuations in the pressure coefficient and disorder in the static pressure on the airfoil surface.In addition，with the increase in incoming flow velocity，the position where flow separation occurs on the suction surface gradually moves backward，and the flow in the near‑wall region tends to be unstable.The research results can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of fan design and the improvement of its durability in harsh environments.